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Background Socioeconomic development,lifestyle changes and the COVID-19 pandemic all have an impact on people's mental and physical health,which may affect the prevalence of mental disorders. Currently,there is still no sufficient epidemiological information of mental disorders in Xinjiang. Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of common mental disorders among people aged 15 and above in northern Xinjiang,then compare the data with those of their counterparts in southern Xinjiang,and summarize the overall prevalence of common mental disorders in Xinjiang,providing a scientific basis for the formulation of corresponding mental health plans. Methods From November 2021 to July 2022,a multistage,stratified,random sampling method was used to select 3 853 residents from northern Xinjiang to attend a survey. General Demographic Questionnaire,and self-assessment scales(the 12-Item General Health Questionnaire,Mood Disorder Questionnaire,Symptom Checklist-90,etc.) and other assessment scales(Hamilton Depression Inventory,Bech-Rafaelsen Mania Rating Scale,Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale,etc.) were used as survey instruments. Mental disorders were diagnosed by the ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioral disorders by two psychiatrists with at least five years' working experience, or by a chief or associate chief psychiatrist when there is an inconsistency between the diagnoses made by the two psychiatrists. Results The point prevalence rate and age-adjusted rate of common mental disorders in northern Xinjiang were 9.71% (374/3 853) and 10.07%,respectively. The point prevalence rate and age-adjusted rate of common mental disorders in the whole Xinjiang were 9.69%(750/7 736)and 9.90%,respectively. The point prevalence rates of mood disorders,anxiety disorders,schizophrenia,organic mental disorders,and mental retardation in northern Xinjiang were 4.83%(374/7 736),3.63% (281/7 736),0.63%(49/7 736),0.23%(18/7 736),and 0.36%(28/7 736),respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis for northern Xinjiang showed that:the risk of mood disorders in females was 1.854 times higher than that in males 〔95%CI(1.325,2.593)〕;The risk of mood disorders increased by 5.210 times in 25-34-year-olds 〔95%CI(1.348, 20.143)〕 and 3.863 times in 35-44-year-olds 〔95%CI(1.030,14.485)〕 compared with that in those aged ≥ 65 years;The risk of mood disorders increased by 0.199 times in those with high school or technical secondary school education 〔95%CI (0.078,0.509)〕 and 0.147 times in those with two- or three-year college and above education 〔95%CI(0.056,0.388)〕 compared with that in illiteracies. The risk of anxiety disorder in females was 1.627 times higher than that in males 〔95%CI (1.144, 2.315)〕;The risk of anxiety disorder increased by 0.257 times in 15-24-year-olds 〔95%CI(0.091,0.729)〕,0.243 times in 45-54-year-olds 〔95%CI(0.101,0.583)〕,and 0.210 times in 55-64-year-olds 〔95%CI(0.067,0.661)〕 compared to that of those aged ≥ 65 years old. The risk of schizophrenia among people living in villages or towns was 4.762 times higher than that of those living in cities 〔95%CI(1.705,13.300)〕;The risk of schizophrenia among people with high school or technical secondary school education was 0.079 times higher than that of illiteracies 〔95%CI(0.015,0.405)〕. Conclusion The prevalence of mood disorders and anxiety disorders is high among all types of mental disorders in Xinjiang. Females,rural people,or low educated people in northern Xinjiang are more prone to various types of mental disorders. © 2023 Chinese General Practice. All rights reserved.
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Environmental-friendly and efficient strategies for triclosan (TCS) removal have received more attention. Influenced by COVID-19, a large amount of TCS contaminants were accumulated in medical and domestic wastewater discharges. In this study, a unique g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 heterostructure was fabricated and optimized by a novel and simple method for superb photocatalytic dechlorination of TCS into 2-phenoxyphenol (2-PP) under visible light irradiation. The as-prepared samples were characterized and analyzed by XRD, BET, SEM, XPS, etc. The rationally designed g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 (4:6) catalyst exhibited notably photocatalytic activity in that more than 95.5% of TCS was transformed at 180 min, which was 3.6 times higher than that of pure g-C3N4 powder. This catalyst promotes efficient photocatalytic electron-hole separation for efficient dechlorination by photocatalytic reduction. The samples exhibited high recyclable ability and the dechlorination pathway was clear. The results of Density Functional Theory calculations displayed the TCS dechlorination selectivity has different mechanisms and hydrogen substitution may be more favorable than hydrogen ion in the TCS dechlorination hydrogen transfer process. This work will provide an experimental and theoretical basis for designing high-performance photocatalysts to construct the systems of efficient and safe visible photocatalytic reduction of aromatic chlorinated pollutants, such as TCS in dechlorinated waters. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
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Travel is an essential part of life for most people. Tourism is a very important part of the industry in most countries, and the prosperity of tourism is of great significance to promote the economic development of a country. After the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, the development of tourism has entered a through. To explore public travel decision-making considering risk perception under the pandemic, we developed an agent-based model. In the model, we assumed that agents make decisions based on their willingness to travel and risk perception. We also combined the model with a model of opinion dynamics to explore the effect of government risk information on the number of trips. Our results show that individual travel probability decrease when considering risk perception on the pandemic. In the case of medium government credibility, the risk information released by the government has less impact on the number of people traveling. © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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Knowing the multi-level influences of determinants on medical-service resumptions is of great benefits to the policymaking for medical-service recovery at different levels of study units during the post-COVID-19 pandemic era. This article evaluated the hospital- and city-level resumptions of medical services in mainland China based on the data of location-based service (LBS) requests of mobile devices during the two time periods (December 2019 and from February 21 to March 18, 2020). We selected medical-service capacity, human movement, epidemic severity, and socioeconomic factors as the potential determinants on medical-service resumptions and then explicitly assessed their multi-level explanatory powers and the interactive effects of paired determinants using the geographical detector method. The results indicate that various determinants had different individual explanatory powers and interactive relationships/effects at different levels of medical-service resumptions. The current study provides a novel multi-level insight for assessing work resumption and individual/interactive influences of determinants, and considerable implications for regionalized recovery strategies of medical services.
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As of July 15th, 2020, at least 3,483,832 and 136,938 confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths have been reported respectively in the U.S.A., posing unprecedented socioeconomic and health challenges to the country. Existing empirical evidence examining the spatial association between contextual factors and COVID-19 death rates, however, remains sparse and ambiguous. The objective of this research is to examine the spatial relationship between COVID-19 death rates and contextual characteristics at the county subdivision level in the State of Connecticut, U.S.A. The analysis shows that explanatory variables, such as income, race, age, type of housing, and underlying medical condition indicators, are associated with COVID-19 death rates in the state. Most importantly, the association between COVID-19 death rates and the explanatory variables in our analysis significantly varies over space, highlighting the need for local and contextspecific COVID-19 prevention and intervention programs.
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Purpose - During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, museums, as public gathering places for citizens, have encountered unprecedented difficulties due to limitations to operate as usual for their traditional exhibitions and curations. Thus, museums made corresponding emergency attempts to accelerate digital resource and service platform constructions. Such difficulties aroused many potential problems with the applicability of electronic resources and the mismatch between user expectations and museum services. This study investigates the challenges faced by Hong Kong museums under COVID-19, emergency responses and deliberate practices of Hong Kong museums from the perspective of both museum staff and visitors, and COVID-19's influence on the roles and functions of Hong Kong museums. Design/methodology/approach - Qualitative interviews with museum staff and visitors were conducted to collect opinions and experiences in the construction and maintenance of museums during the pandemic. Further thematic analyses of museum websites, evaluations, and suggestions were formulated guided by the PEST (Political, Economic, Social, Technological) and AIDA (Attention, Interest, Desire, Action) models. Findings - Findings revealed many online interactions and offline renovations, but the perceptions of visitors and staff differed considerably. While online resources and virtual museums were expanded and well received, long-term prohibitions and repressions drove physical visit desire. Participants emphasized finding a balance between user expectations and realistic practices. Originality/value - Scant studies focus on the impact of COVID-19 on the cultural industry, especially in East Asia. This study also highlights new practices of digitalization and the challenges of functional transformation. The authors' findings and suggestions provide hints to optimize the curation of information resources and improve museum service quality in the new digital era. This study also serves as a reliable and meaningful record of COVID-19 impacts on Hong Kong museums.
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Objective To analyze the work situation of the personnel in Beijing Centers for Disease Prevention and Control during the novel coronavirns disease 2019 (C0VID-19) epidemic，and to provide references for improving the construction of the capital5 s disease control and prevention system. Methods Cross-sectional survey and cluster sanpling methods were used. A total of 422 municipal-level and 664 district-level professional technicians from CDCs who were mainly involved in epidemic prevention and control in Beijing were included in the study. Self-designed questionnaires were used to collect the basic information, work intensity and satisfaction and other data. The statistical description and test analysis were carried out. Results Among professionals, 64. 36% had nornal workload, and 76. 89% had overload during the epidemic prevention and control period. The proportion of disease control personnel expressing dissatisfaction "with the usual salary level "was 54. 51%, and the satisfaction with the professional title promotion w-as mostly at the average level (45. 58%). The proportions of satisfaction with the prevention and control work arrangements and logistical support during the COVID-19 epidemic were 49. 08% and 54. 42%, respectively. Only 21. 73% professionals were satisfied with the temporar w-ork subsidy. From the perspective of population distribution, staffs at the municipal and district levels and in different job positions were mainly dissatisfied with the salar level (all P<0. 05). Most of staffs who undertook different prevention and control responsibilities were satisfied with the work arrangements and logistics support (all P<0. 05), but they w-ere dissatisfied with the temporar work subsidies (H = 27. 076, P = 0. 012). Among the survey respondents, 44.48% had thoughts of resigning. Regardless of the municipal and district levels, different professional titles or positions, the wdllingness to resign was generally high (all P>0. 05). The primar reason for wanting to leave was the low salary level, followed by difficulty in promotion of professional titles and poor development prospects which were also major considerations. Conclusion It is suggested to improve the stability of CDCs staffs and promote the high-quality and sustainable development of the disease control and prevention system by improving the personnel allocation, strengthening the interdisciplinary talent reserve, improving the salary system and optimizing the professional title appointment mechanism.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of study and life patterns on the visual acuity of primary and secondary school students in Wuhan, China, during the COVID-19 pandemic. STUDY DESIGN: We investigated factors influencing the development of myopia using questionnaires presented to students in primary and secondary schools in Wuhan. After school resumed in September 2020, we obtained 15,596 valid questionnaires. Students who submitted valid questionnaires were examined for visual acuity and computerized optometry, from which 15,428 valid examination results were obtained. Then we cornpared these results with the screening data collected during the same period the previous year (September 2019). RESULTS: The overall prevalence of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Wuhan in 2020 was 59.95%, representing a 6.02% increase as compared with levels in 2019. For primary, junior, and senior high school students, this increase was 9.76%, 5.30%, and 2.79%, respectively. Primary school students primarily exhibited an increase in mild myopia (7.49%), while junior and senior high school students presented with increased rates of moderate (4.51%;5.74%) and high (1.17%;2.95%) myopia. Compared with 2019, senior high school students exhibited the most pronounced deepening of spherical equivalent, which deepened by -0.639 D, -0.774 D, and -0.775 D from Grade 1-3. In 2020 the students in Wuhan spent <1 hour on outdoor activities, but primary, junior, and senior high school students were engaged with online courses for 3.184 hours, 5.828 hours, and 6.239 hours and electronic products outside of online learning for 1.502 hours, 1.788 hours, and 2.146 hours, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being female, high grade, long time of near-work, long time of using electronic product, the students' age of using electronic products for the first time was <= 3 years old, parents' myopia, and high education level were risk factors for myopia, while outdoor activity was a protective factor for myopia. CONCLUSION: During COVID-19, home-based online learning mode significantly increased the prevalence of myopia among students in Wuhan. The occurrence of myopia is related to heredity and eye use behavior. Increasing outdoor activities and reducing near-work time are important measures to prevent and control myopia occurrence.
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This paper analyzed many problems in the construction of China′s public health system exposed in the process of prevention and control of novel coronavirus′s epidemic situation. Conscientiously studying the spirit of the two sessions, combined with the national conditions of our country, this paper put forward several specific reform suggestions on the legal system construction of the public health system, the improvement of the institutional system, the training direction of public health personnel, the public health service system, the information construction and the construction of the health emergency system, to made a preliminary exploration on the further improvement of the emergency response mechanism of major epidemic situations. © 2021, Publication Centre of Anhui Medical University. All rights reserved.
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Just as the ongoing pandemic demonstrates our vulnerability to the invisible hand of the COVID-19 virus molecule, the extreme climate events are constant reminders of our vulnerability to another molecule, carbon dioxide. As a result, all walks of society are asking for solutions, especially ones that involve the financial markets playing an important role. This emphasis is reflected in the proliferation of ESG investment funds and the massive capital inflows into such funds. This article examines both the demand for and supply of such climate investments and identifies two necessary conditions for private capital to become a meaningful part of the solution to climate change: mandatory data disclosure and alignment of interests via carbon pricing.
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Purpose: The study aims to find out the university students' health information service needs in post-COVID-19 age and then consider how to do the health information services well and promote it in further work. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses Kano model to design a questionnaire about university students' health information service needs from academic library and investigates 243 students from seven universities in China. The data generated were analyzed using a statistical tool and presented in tables. Findings: The results show the students' different requirements level of health information services from academic library as must-be requirements, one-dimensional requirements, attractive quality attributes and indifferent quality in post-COVID-19 age. Research limitations/implications: The questionnaire design and the scale of respondents have limitation, such as only focus on Chinese university, have not characteristically research on different group of students. It could optimize to cover more worldwide university students and refer to different groups of students' needs in further research. Originality/value: The paper expands and deepens the theory about university library health information service and provides a practical reference and proposes some suggestions for academic libraries on how to carry out health information services and give the social health institutions inspiration on how to promote the health services, especially in post-COVID-19 age. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.
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Objective To analyze the mental health status of college students under regular prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, so as to provide the basis for mental health intervention. Methods From Apr. 15 to 30, 2020, three universities in Shanghai were selected to conduct the network research through WeChat platform. The questionnaire was designed by questionnaire star to collect the demographic data of college students. The modified positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS) were used to assess the emotional status of college students, and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was used to measure the sleep quality of them. Results A total of 1 195 college students were recruited in the study, including 531 males and 664 females, aged from 17 to 39 years. During regular COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control, the college students had a variety of negative emotions, including anxiety (46.6%, 557/1 195), sadness (28.9%, 345/1 195), tension (25.0%, 299/1 195) and fear or panic (21.3%, 255/1 195), while the positive emotion was rare, except for calmness (55.9%, 668/1 195). Of all participants, 17.6% (210/1 195) reported poor subjective sleep quality, 18.8% (225/1 195) reported long sleep latency, 17.3% (207/1 195) reported sleep disturbances, and 14.8% (177/1 195) reported sleep insufficiency. Age, gender, education level, location, and living condition were the influencing factors of emotion and sleep status, and the academic major was an influencing factor of emotional status (all P<0.05). Conclusion Under regular prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic, negative emotions and poor sleep are common among college students. We should pay more attention to the students who are elder, female, master or above, who previously lived abroad or in Hubei province, who are isolated or observed, and those majoring in medical-related specialties.
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During the current pandemic shutdown, everyone has had to make decisions-many of which haven't been easy. For the first time in my life, I experienced what were previously unthinkable-airplanes being grounded, cars being off the roads, all classes and meetings being held virtually. The surreal experience has propelled me to think more deeply about what I do and why it is so important to push forward with doing better materials science to enable breakthroughs in energy technologies and to ensure a robust supply chain of relevant materials for the world.
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The effects of the coronavirus global pandemic have rippled through many lives and have upended aspects of health care, transportation, and the economy in virtually every country. The energy materials and renewable generation and conversion market, which includes battery-powered electric vehicles, grid storage, and personal electronic devices, is no exception.
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Background: COVID-19 is currently rampant in China, causing unpredictable harm to humans. This study aimed to quantitatively and qualitatively investigate the research trends on coronaviruses using bibliometric analysis to identify new prevention strategies. Methods: All relevant publications on coronaviruses were extracted from 2000–2020 from the Web of Science database. An online analysis platform of literature metrology, bibliographic item co-occurrence matrix builder (BICOMB) and CiteSpace software were used to analyse the publication trends. VOSviewer was used to analyse the keywords and research hotspots and compare COVID-19 information with SARS and MERS information. Results: We found a total of 9,760 publications related to coronaviruses published from 2000 to 2020. The Journal of Virology has been the most popular journal in this field over the past 20 years. The United States maintained a top position worldwide and has provided a pivotal influence, followed by China. Among all the institutions, the University of Hong Kong was regarded as a leader for research collaboration. Moreover, Professors Yuen KY and Peiris JSM made great achievements in coronavirus research. We analysed the keywords and identified 5 coronavirus research hotspot clusters. Conclusions: We considered the publication information regarding different countries, institutions, authors, journals, etc. by summarizing the literature on coronaviruses over the past 20 years. We analysed the studies on COVID-19 and the SARS and MERS coronaviruses. Notably, COVID-19 must become the research hotspot of coronavirus research, and clinical research on COVID-19 may be the key to defeating this epidemic.
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BACKGROUND: At present, the severity of patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a focal point. METHODS: To assess the factors associated with severity and prognosis of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, we retrospectively investigated the clinical, imaging and laboratory characteristics of confirmed 280 cases of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) from 20 January to 20 February 2020. RESULTS: The median age of patients in the mild group was 37.55 years, whilst that in the severe group was 63.04 years. The proportion of patients aged over 65 years in the severe group was significantly higher than that of the mild group (59.04% vs. 10.15%, P < 0.05). 85.54% of severe patients had diabetes or cardiovascular diseases, which was significantly higher than that of the mild group (51.81% vs. 7.11%, P = 0.025; 33.73% vs. 3.05%, P = 0.042). Patients in the mild group experienced earlier initiation of antiviral treatment (1.19 ± 0.45 vs. 2.65 ± 1.06 days in the severe group, P < 0.001). Our study showed that comorbidity, time from illness onset to antiviral treatment and age >=65 were three major risk factors for COVID-19 progression, whilst comorbidity and time from illness onset to antiviral treatment were two major risk factors for COVID-19 recovery. CONCLUSIONS: The elderly and patients with underlying diseases are more likely to experience a severe progression of COVID-19. It is recommended that timely antiviral treatment should be initiated to slow the disease progression and improve the prognosis.